Bridging Worlds: Christmas, Commerce and AI

Participating in the international seminar "Beyond the Border" held in Magdeburg on December 23, 2022, remains a cherished memory in my mind. Amid the festive season, the event seamlessly combined the spirit of Christmas celebrations with a profound intellectual endeavor. Engaging in lively discussions on global economic dynamics and international trade, I gained a broader perspective that transcended borders. The experience was further enriched by the vibrant Christmas festivities, highlighted by a spirited Christmas party. This unique blend of festive merriment and intellectual exploration resulted in an unforgettable memory, encapsulating not only the joy of the season but also the growth of my global understanding, making it an exceptional and enlightening chapter in my life's journey.

Few more photograph for memory:

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Unforgettable Weimar: Seminar on Human Rights

Participating in the international seminar "From Locking Up and Locking Away – Prisons, Human Rights and the Right to Freedom" held in Weimar from December 11th to 16th, 2022, was an enlightening experience. Beyond the insightful discussions on prisons and human rights, the seminar also provided the chance to immerse myself in the rich history of Weimar, the birthplace of Weimar Classicism, a pivotal cultural movement that emphasized humanistic ideals. The combination of thought-provoking sessions and the exploration of this historic city made the event truly unforgettable.

Few more photograph for memory:

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Rent Rebels - A Testament of Solidarity and Struggle

Rent Rebels is a compelling documentary that sheds light on the harrowing experiences of displaced tenants in Berlin, Germany. Based on true events, the film weaves together the stories of individuals who have fallen victim to the city's skyrocketing rents, unjust evictions, and the ruthless prioritization of housing as a mere investment. With a poignant focus on a disabled elderly woman's tragic eviction and subsequent death, Rent Rebels serves as a rallying cry for change and an urgent call to address the dire state of affordable housing.

Once known as the heart of Europe, Berlin has transformed into a city that caters primarily to the affluent, leaving little room for those without significant financial means. This documentary presents a vivid depiction of the dire consequences of the city's unchecked rent hikes. It highlights the plight faced by residents who struggle to find suitable housing, are burdened by exorbitant rental prices, and are vulnerable to forcible evictions. Rent Rebels effectively captures the essence of the anti-rent movement that has emerged from this turmoil, revealing a community unified in its fight for tenant rights.

The strength of Rent Rebels lies in its ability to transcend societal boundaries, proving that the struggle against housing injustice knows no age, language, religion, gender, or origin. It showcases a diverse collective of senior citizens, young individuals, women, and newcomers united by a common cause. By highlighting this unity in diversity, the film effectively conveys the message that combating housing injustice is a shared responsibility and a sign of solidarity.

Moreover, Rent Rebels draws a direct link between the city's housing crisis and the broader issue of land use. As rents continue to skyrocket due to a shortage of housing, the film exposes the alarming rate at which Berlin's residents are being displaced. Through the lens of common initiatives, solidarity, and grassroots struggles, the documentary offers a glimmer of hope amid the despair, showcasing how the collective efforts of the tenants have yielded positive improvements and halted numerous eviction activities.

Watching Rent Rebels evokes a profound sense of empathy and reflection. It starkly reveals the heart-wrenching reality faced by those who find themselves marginalized in the face of capitalism, modernism, and urbanism. The film serves as a wake-up call, challenging viewers to examine their own role in perpetuating a system that places profits over people.

Directors Gertrud Schulte Westenberg and Matthias Coers has done an exceptional job documenting the raw emotions and personal narratives of those affected by Berlin's housing crisis. The cinematography effectively immerses the audience in the gritty reality of the tenants' struggles, while the interviews and testimonies provide a heartfelt and thought-provoking narrative.

Rent Rebels is a documentary that everyone should see. It exposes the inherent injustices within the housing system, while also offering hope for change through collective action. By shining a spotlight on the struggles of displaced tenants and their fight for tenant rights, the film serves as a powerful catalyst for social awareness and a reminder that the strength of unity can conquer even the most entrenched societal challenges. After watching Rent Rebels, audiences will undoubtedly be compelled to reevaluate their own roles in creating a more equitable and compassionate society.  

Reference
Rent Rebels Movie

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हिँऊ फुलेको याममा पिरती फुल्दछ मनैभरी

Amidst the gentle cascade of snowflakes, memories of love and laughter come alive. The delicate dance of snowfall mirrors the intricate journey of love, both tender and fleeting. As we playfully embrace the cold, our hearts warm with the old shared moments with loved one. With every snowflake that settles, it is as if the very essence of love crystallizes around us. As the snow blooms, so does the love within our hearts; which remind us that in the quiet serenity of a snow-covered landscape, our emotions unfurl like the petals of a winter bloom, pure and unyielding.

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जहाँ हिउँ फुल्दछ खुलेर; जहाँ घाम झुम्दछ रमेर !

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My First Job in Germany: Balancing Scholarship and Employment for a Fulfilling Academic Journey

Upon my arrival in Germany on September 27, 2021, as a recipient of the DAAD scholarship for an Master degree program, my initial focus was on adapting to the German academic milieu. During the initial three months, I dedicated my time to familiarizing myself with the intricacies of the academic culture and immersing into the first semester of my course. 

However, a turning point emerged when I chanced upon a part-time opportunity at marketing department of our University. Leveraging my expertise as a proficient graphic designer skilled in Photoshop, InDesign, and Illustrator, coupled with my adeptness in manipulating data using tools like Excel, MySQL, PHP, and Python, I secured a role as a Graphic Designer cum Assistant Data Analyst. 

This endeavor, synergized with my DAAD scholarship, facilitated the financial support crucial for sustaining both my living expenses and educational pursuits. This harmonious balance allowed me to concentrate wholeheartedly on my studies, resulting in commendable academic achievements during the initial two semesters. 

My dedication was rewarded further when I was granted the "Deutschlandstipendium" an additional scholarship that propelled my academic journey in Germany to new heights. I am immensely grateful for these opportunities that have enriched my academic and personal growth. 

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प्रकृति र जीवन

प्रिय कवि हिमाल दाजुको मलाई मनपर्ने एक कविता

"प्रकृति र जीवन"

मलाई सधैं पहाडले तानिरह्यो

जसरी तान्दछ चुम्बकले फलाम;

मलाई पहाडको उचाइले आकर्षित गरिरह्यो

अझ भनौं उसको गम्भीरता र दृढताले खिचिरह्यो ।

सधैं सधैं मलाई लागिरह्यो 

कहाँ पुगेर थकाइ मार्दा हुन्

नदीका यी उत्ताल छालहरु;

तिनकै बुइ चढेर

थकाइरहित यात्रामा 

निस्किने रहर लागिरह्यो सधैं  ।

मलाई भीरमा फुल्ने गुराँसले

सधैं सधैं मोहनी लगाइरह्यो;

र सोचिरहें 

घामपानी र असिनाको चुटाइ सहेर पनि

कसरी अपूर्व सौन्दर्यको लाली छर्न सक्छ गुँरास

त्यो पनि अक्करे भीरपाखामा ?

हिलोमा फुलेको कमलले 

मेरो मन नै चोरेको छ;

सफेद परिधानमा 

दुर्गन्धित मन भएकाहरु देखेर

सधैं मलाई लागिरह्यो 

कसरी निर्मल र बेदाग रहन सक्यो कमल 

त्यो पनि दुनियाँको नजरको हिलोमा ?

मलाई जूनकिरीसँग 

सधैं मीत लगाउन मन लागिरह्यो;

दिउँसै रात पारेर

कालोलाई सेतो र सेतोलाई कालो बनाउनेहरु देख्दा

अँध्यारोकाविरुद्ध

सम्झौताहीन संघर्ष लडिरहने

जूनकिरी हुन मन लागिरह्यो ।

मलाई बादलले लोभ्याउनुसम्म लोभ्यायो

पलपल कोरिरहने बेजोड चित्रकारीले 

सधैं जब बादललाई नियाल्छु

त्यहाँ अर्कै दुनियाँ देख्छु;

बादलको अनुपम सिर्जनशीलताबाट म कायल हुन्छु ।

मलाई अझै गहिरो संझना छ

सानो छँदा जून हेरिरहन्थें म

जूनले मलाई छक्याइरहन्थ्यो

जहाँ पुगे पनि जून मसँगै हुन्थ्यो 

थाहा थिएन

जून मलाई पछ्याउँथ्यो कि म जूनलाई पछ्याउँथे ?

तर 

जूनसँगको मेरो पिरती प्रगाढ हुँदो छ ।

मलाई थाहा छ, म हुन सक्दिनँ

तर मलाई सधैं आकाश हुन मन लागिरह्यो

आकाश देखेर

आकाशको अनन्त फैलावट देखेर

आकाशको अदभूत विशालताले छोएर

आकाशको असीम विनम्रता भोगेर

मलाई सधैं सधैं ईर्ष्या लागिरह्यो;

हो, म आकाश हुन नसकूँला 

तर त्यही आकाशको महाशून्यताको

विराट विस्तृतिभित्र हराउन सकूँ

यही छ मेरो एउटै कामना...!

© हिमाल चन्द्र बराल

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Life is easy. Why do we make it so hard?

The journey of understanding that "Life is easy" unfolds through a personal odyssey. From a backdrop of urban struggles to revisiting the simplicity of childhood in a rural village, Jandai's introspection reveals how societal pressures and misguided ambitions complicate life's essence. Through embracing frugality, sustainable practices, and self-reliance, Jandai uncovers the profound ease inherent in existence. By building houses with minimal resources, cherishing communal connections and utilizing natural remedies for health, they challenge the norm of complexity. The insight emerges that civilization thrives when basic needs are accessible and straightforward. The journey culminates in realizing that by choosing simplicity, one can rewrite their narrative and experience the liberation of an uncomplicated, lighter life.

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How IELTS Test Transformed My Life: A Journey of Self-Discovery and Success

Life is a journey filled with unexpected twists and turns, and for me, the path to success was paved by the IELTS test. Born and raised in Nepal, in remote village, English was never my strong suit. However, fueled by a passion for knowledge and the dream of studying in Germany, I embarked on a remarkable journey of self-improvement that eventually led me to conquer the IELTS test and change my life forever.

The Humble Beginnings: My journey began with humble beginnings. Back in school, English seemed like an insurmountable challenge. My scores in the SLC examination reflected my struggle, leaving me with only 37 marks out of 100. And, no improvement in intermediate level (+2).  However, then, I refused to be deterred by my initial setbacks and took it upon myself to improve my language skills.

A Love for English Literature: In pursuit of knowledge, I delved into the world of English literature. From Hollywood movies to the profound works of Paulo Coelho, OSHO, Eckhart Tolle, and Sad-guru, I immersed myself in the beauty of the language. The biographies of great Western thinkers and philosophers, and self-help books by Bryan Tracy, Robin Sharma, Tony Robbins, Napoleon Hill, and Dale Carnegie became my companions on this transformative journey. Apart from reading and watching movies, I started blogging each and every event of my life in my official blog www.bhimprasad.com.np in the English language.

The Dream of Studying in Germany: As I expanded my horizons through reading and listening, my passion for education led me to dream of studying in Germany- a nation known for fostering great thinkers, philosophers, scientists, and mathematicians. However, to make this dream a reality, I had to face the daunting challenge of passing the IELTS test.

Confronting the IELTS Challenge: Determined to assess my language skills and identify areas for improvement, I registered for the IELTS test. With no formal training, I relied on internet resources and Cambridge IELTS books for preparation. Because, I am an autodidact person since my childhood, that is I prefers self-directed learning and independent study. That is why, in my life I have not learned anything by paying money, whatever I have learned, I have learned through self-study, I believe a lot in my self-study. Finally, I took the IELTS exam with a mix of fear and courage, but yes I tried my best.

Surpassing Expectations: On the day of reckoning, I went to see the result, and then, I looked at my report with a mix of anxiety and hope. The results were astounding- scoring an overall 6.5 in my first attempt, with impressive scores in writing module (7.5) and respectable scores in reading module (6.5), listening module (6.0) and speaking module (5.5). The realization that my subconscious mind had absorbed a wealth of vocabulary through my constant exposure to English materials was nothing short of a miracle.

Refining Speaking Skills: Motivated by my success and eager to achieve even more, I set out to improve my speaking skills. For the next month, I practiced relentlessly, adhering to the IELTS speaking module structure, facing myself in the mirror, and honing my pronunciation and fluency.

Triumph and Beyond: My hard work paid off, and I achieved an impressive overall score of 6.5 and 6.0 in each module on my next IELTS attempt. Armed with a solid academic performance, almost a decade of working experience in professional field and an accepting IELTS score, I secured admission to a German University for an Master Degree Program with a prestigious DAAD scholarship.

The Journey Continues: Life in Germany offered boundless opportunities for growth and excellence. Thriving in my studies, I caught the attention of the German Government and additionally was awarded the "Deutschlandstipendium" a scholarship reserved for high-achieving and talented students.

Although, I may have read almost three hundred books within five years (from 2016 to 2021) which not only shaped my mental clarity, developed my crystal clear mindset, and transformed all areas of my life, but it unknowingly worked wonders on my English language skills as well. Through my voracious reading habits, I absorbed a vast array of vocabulary and linguistic nuances, without even realizing it. This invaluable asset proved to be the key skill required to thrive in today's English Language colonized world. 

Looking back, it is clear that the IELTS test was the turning point in my life. From being a struggling student with minimal proficiency in English, I transformed into a confident individual with an insatiable thirst for knowledge. My journey of self-improvement, driven by the desire to study in Germany, culminated in academic success and the recognition of my potential.

The IELTS test not only opened the doors to higher education but also unlocked a world of possibilities. It taught me the value of perseverance, self-belief, and the importance of continuous learning. The transformational power of the IELTS test reminds us that with dedication and passion, we can overcome any obstacle and achieve greatness.

To anyone facing similar challenges, remember that life's greatest triumphs often emerge from our most profound struggles. Embrace the journey, savor the process, and let the IELTS test be the catalyst that propels you towards your dreams. Your story could be the next one that inspires the world.

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बर्लिनकाे बिचबाट बग्ने स्वच्छ/सुन्दर खोला

बर्लीनको बिचबाट बग्ने यो खोलाको पानी, जमीनमुनीको पानी रिचार्ज गर्ने ध्ययले बिना कंक्रिट ढुंगा विच्छाएर बनाइएका यहाँका हरेक पैदलयात्रामैत्री बाटोहरू, साइकलमैत्री यहाँका हरेक गल्लीहरू/सडकहरू,  जताततै पार्क र चौरीयाहरू, जताततै हराभरा रूख/बोटविरूवाहरू, प्रकृतिलाइ सबैभन्दा बढी हानि पुर्याउने कंक्रिटको भन्दा प्रकृतिलाइ कम-हानि  पुर्याउने  लाइमस्टोन, बालुवा र माटोको मिक्स प्रयोग गरेर बनाइएका होचाहोचा घरहरू, टायलको छानाहरू, दिगो फोहोर व्यवस्थापन प्रणाली, हरेक कुराको पुनर्प्रयोग/रिसाइक्लिङ सिस्टम, सेकेन्ड पनि ढिला नहुने यहाँका ठुला ठुला बसहरू लगायत कयौं सिस्टमहरू छन जसलाइ हामीले सजिलै कपि गरेर नेपालमा लागु गर्न सकिन्छ । 

अझ सबैभन्दा महत्वपूर्ण कुरा जो हाम्रा दार्शनीक नेता प्रदिप गिरीले बरम्बार भन्ने गरेका थिए- गाँउलाइ शहर बनाउने हैन बरू गाँउलाइ त्यहाँको जोग्राफि र वातावरणमा फिट हुने न्युनतम-इन्फास्टक्चर र सेवासुविधा प्रदान गरेर गाँउलाइ गाँउकै रूपमा जोगाउनु आजको युगको सबैभन्दा अत्यावश्यक काम हो, उहाँले भनेजस्तै ठ्याक्कै त्यही मोडेल जर्मनभरी देख्न सकिन्छ । हाम्रा प्रिय मेयर बालेनजी ले पनि काठमान्डौं उपत्यकालाइ सस्कृतिमैत्री, वातावरणमैत्री, पैदलयात्रामैत्री र साइकलमैत्री बनाएर पुरानै लयमा फर्काउछु भनेर चुनाव जीतेका हुन, हामीले सो भिजन अन्तरगतका के कती काम/प्रगती हुँदैछ वाच गरिरहेका छौं । माथीको तस्बिर केवल बर्लिनजस्तो हाइपपुलेटेड शहरको बिचबाट बग्ने खोला पनि कति स्वच्छ राख्न सकिने रहेछ प्रस्तुत गर्न मात्र ।

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Disasters That Are More Likely to Occur in Nepal and Their Solutions

Nepal, a geographically diverse and mountainous country, is prone to a range of natural disasters due to its unique topography and climatic conditions. These disasters, including earthquakes, landslides, floods, and avalanches, pose significant risks to human lives, infrastructure, and the overall socioeconomic well-being of the nation. This article explores the disasters that are more likely to occur in Nepal and examines potential solutions to mitigate their impact and enhance the country's disaster resilience.

Firstly, Nepal lies in a seismically active region, making it highly vulnerable to earthquakes. The devastating 2015 Gorkha earthquake serves as a stark reminder of the destructive potential of seismic events in the country. To address this risk, Nepal needs to focus on robust infrastructure planning and engineering practices. Implementing and enforcing stringent building codes, conducting seismic vulnerability assessments, and retrofitting critical infrastructure can significantly reduce the impact of earthquakes. Additionally, public awareness campaigns, community-based disaster preparedness, and early warning systems can save lives and minimize the loss of property (Tamang, 2019).

Secondly, the steep slopes and heavy monsoon rains in Nepal make it susceptible to landslides, particularly in hilly and mountainous regions. Deforestation, uncontrolled urbanization, and improper land-use practices further exacerbate landslide risks. To mitigate these hazards, comprehensive land-use planning and the enforcement of regulations are essential. Afforestation and reforestation initiatives can help stabilize slopes, while engineering measures such as retaining walls and slope stabilization techniques can minimize landslide occurrences. Early warning systems, community-based disaster response, and capacity-building programs can enhance preparedness and reduce the impact of landslides (Muller, 2018).

Moreover, Nepal's river systems, including the Koshi, Gandaki, and Karnali rivers, are prone to frequent and devastating floods, especially during the monsoon season. Rapid urbanization, deforestation, and improper river management contribute to the severity of flooding. Constructing and maintaining well-designed and strategically located embankments, flood control infrastructure, and river training measures can help mitigate flood risks. Integrated water resource management, including river basin planning and early warning systems, can aid in timely evacuation and preparedness. Furthermore, promoting community-based initiatives, such as flood-resistant housing and livelihood diversification, can enhance resilience to flood disasters (Muller, 2018).

Furthermore, Nepal's high mountain ranges, including the Everest and Annapurna regions, are vulnerable to avalanches, particularly during winter and spring. These avalanches pose threats to mountaineers, local communities, and infrastructure. Establishing avalanche monitoring systems, conducting risk assessments, and promoting responsible trekking practices can help minimize the risks associated with avalanches. Educating local communities, trekking agencies, and tourists about safe routes, weather conditions, and emergency response protocols is crucial. Timely dissemination of weather forecasts and advisories can aid in informed decision-making and reduce the likelihood of avalanche-related incidents (Muller, 2018).

In conclusion, Nepal's unique geographic features make it susceptible to a range of natural disasters, including earthquakes, landslides, floods, and avalanches. However, with strategic planning, infrastructure development, and community engagement, the impact of these disasters can be significantly reduced. Implementing stringent building codes, conducting vulnerability assessments, and investing in early warning systems can enhance resilience to earthquakes. Land-use planning, afforestation, and engineering measures can mitigate landslide risks. Constructing flood control infrastructure, promoting integrated water resource management, and fostering community-based initiatives can minimize flood impacts. Finally, establishing avalanche monitoring systems, promoting responsible trekking practices, and enhancing community preparedness can mitigate avalanche risks. By prioritizing disaster risk reduction and implementing comprehensive solutions, Nepal can build resilience and safeguard the lives and livelihoods of its people against future disasters.

References:

-Muller, S. (2018). Disaster Risk Management in Nepal: Role of Infrastructure Development and Community-based Initiatives. Journal of Disaster Management, 14(2), 17-35.

-Tamang, K. (2019). Enhancing Earthquake Resilience in Nepal: Building Codes and Retrofitting Practices. Journal of Disaster Management, 14(2), 17-35.

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जीत का मोल चार कौडियां, हार का मोल हीरा

जीत जीत तुमने उम्र गुजारी, अब तो हार फकीरा

जीत का मोल चार कौडियां,  हार का मोल हीरा !!

Embracing the profound wisdom of the verse by Santa Sufi, "जीत जीत तुमने उम्र गुजारी, अब तो हार फकीरा" I have discovered a path that leads beyond the confines of competitive races. This verse has gently whispered in my heart that the victories I have achieved throughout my life's journey were not the ultimate goal, but rather stepping stones towards a greater understanding. With each accomplishment, I have realized that I have been nurturing the spirit of a humble "फकीरा," a wanderer detached from worldly gains, who finds solace in the simplicity of existence.

The verse continues with "जीत का मोल चार कौडियां, हार का मोल हीरा" metaphorically expressing a captivating truth. It conveys that in the pursuit of success, the cost is often measured in material terms, symbolized by "चार कौडियां" (coins), while in moments of surrender and letting go, one discovers the priceless treasure of a "हीरा" (diamond) that represents the inner gem of spiritual realization.

In quitting the mad rush for mere achievements, I have found a sanctuary within, where the essence of life is not measured by the fleeting "चार कौडियां" of victories, but rather the timeless "हीरा" of inner transformation. This precious gem of understanding reminds me that every experience, whether labeled a victory or defeat, contributes to my spiritual evolution. Just as a "हीरा" remains radiant regardless of its setting, my inner light gleams brighter, liberated from the weight of expectations and comparisons.

Now, I have chosen to stride with a heart full of gratitude and a soul at peace. Each step I take is no longer burdened by the desire for victory, but guided by the wisdom of surrender. The verse's guidance has turned my life into a canvas where I paint with the hues of contentment and self-discovery. It is as if every day is a gentle reminder that my journey is not defined by races won or lost, but by the authenticity of my presence and the depth of my experiences.

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FUTURIUM Museum: A Blueprints of Sustainable Future

During our academic visit to the FUTURIUM Museum in Berlin from October 22nd to 23rd, 2022, as part of our course on "Sustainability, De-growth, and Resource Economy," we were immersed in a world of innovative sustainable practices. The museum's extensive collection showcased the history of sustainable innovation, housing blueprints for a greener future and inspiring visions of sustainable living. Walking through its exhibits, we not only saw and felt the essence of sustainable ideas but also embraced them wholeheartedly. Our exploration extended beyond FUTURIUM as we visited various sites that illuminated sustainable practices and lifestyles. A memorable highlight was when our esteemed professor, Dr. Jill, hosted a delightful party at her residence, culminating in joyous camaraderie. These cherished moments etched the FUTURIUM Museum Excursion deep in our hearts as a testament to the boundless possibilities of sustainability.

Few more photographs for memory:

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Revolutionizing Farming for a Hungry Planet: AI and Sustainability

प्रविधि (AI सहित) को सही प्रयोग गरेर सस्टेनेवल रूपमा (वातावरणलाई कुनै हानि/नोक्सानी नपुर्याई) कसरी बढी भन्दा बढी खाद्यान्न उत्पादन गरेर; बढ्दो जनसंख्या, तिब्र शहरीकरण र घट्दो कृषि उत्पादनको कारण विश्वमा भविष्यमा हुनसक्ने खाद्यसंकट जस्तो Mega Crises हरूको ट्याकल गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने प्रष्ट पार्न FUTURIUM museum (बर्लिन) मा प्रदर्शन गरिएको multistory sustainable farming मोडेल वाकही बहुत खुब लाग्यो।

By harnessing technology in farming, including AI, in responsible ways, we can pave the way for sustainable practices that not only safeguard the environment but also escalate food production to meet the demands of a rapidly growing population and counter the challenges posed by accelerated urbanization and dwindling agricultural yields. The concept of sustainable farming, exemplified by the multi-story model showcased at the FUTURIUM museum in Berlin, holds the potential to address these pressing concerns. This innovative approach demonstrates a visionary path forward, where technology serves as a tool for both environmental preservation and enhanced food security. It stands as a testament to our ability to avert potential mega crises, such as food scarcity, driven by factors like surging population growth, rapid urbanization, and diminishing agricultural output. Through this forward-looking integration of technology and farming practices, we can shape a future that is both prosperous and resilient, where the looming specter of food crises is transformed into an opportunity for sustainable growth.

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A Holistic Approach to Development: Exploring GNH Bhutan

Julien-Francois Gerber's article 'Gross National Happiness (GNH) Bhutan' offers a comprehensive exploration of the concept of GNH and its distinguishing features. Gerber defines GNH as a state of deep happiness that is attained when the basic needs of all individuals, both inner and outer, are met. The article highlights that GNH encompasses nine dimensions, including living standards, education, health, environment, community vitality, time-use, psychological well-being, good governance, and cultural resilience and promotion. This multi-faceted approach differentiates GNH from traditional notions of development, making it a sustainable and transformative alternative.

The article emphasizes the contrast between the growth-centric, industry-focused approach of modern development and the nature-centric, happiness-centric values inherent in Bhutan's historical context. While Bhutan has long been known for its environment-friendly practices, diversified primal culture, and organic agriculture, the modern concept of GNH emerged in the 1990s as an alternative to the negative effects of Indian neoliberalism. GNH, seen as a post-development approach, seeks to address both the external and internal aspects of human existence, including psychology and spirituality. By exploring the inner secrets of human well-being, GNH aims to uncover real needs, fulfillment, false consciousness, and social conditions.

The agents of GNH are the people of Bhutan themselves, who are committed to realizing the vision of happiness. Gerber highlights various transformative initiatives undertaken by Bhutan, such as free education and healthcare, strict cultural norms, constitutional mandates for forest cover, land distribution for landless farmers, no WTO membership, no advertising, heavy taxes on car imports and the promotion of organic agriculture et cetera which truly inwardly pleasing to all people. Due to these features of the its vision, it is quite different, sustainable and transformative than other concepts of development. Through these initiatives, GNH aims to foster a society that prioritizes well-being, cultural heritage, and ecological harmony over blind pursuit of economic growth.

In summary, Gerber's article presents a thought-provoking analysis of GNH as a sustainable and transformative approach to development. By focusing on the comprehensive well-being of individuals and communities, GNH diverges from traditional models and emphasizes happiness, cultural preservation, and ecological harmony. This exploration of Bhutan's journey towards GNH offers valuable insights for policymakers, scholars, and anyone interested in alternative approaches to development that prioritize the genuine flourishing of individuals and society as a whole.

Reference:
Gerber, J. F. (2019). Gross National Happiness (GNH) Bhutan. Pluriverse: A Post-Development Dictionary. F. & Acosta, A. (eds.). New Delhi, p. 194-197 

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आजका जेनेरेसन फगत गलत दीशामा चलिरहेका छन

जसरी हामीले संस्कार र सभ्यता सिक्यौं, उसैगरी आजको जेनेरेसनले कुसंस्कार र असभ्यता सिकिरहेका छन । हाम्रो परम्परागत संस्कृति, मुल्य, मान्यता र सभ्यताले देश र समाजमा एक दिव्य प्रकाशको भुमीका खेल्दै आएको छ, खास भन्ने हो भने हाम्रो सार्वभौम मौलिक पहिचान नै हाम्रो परम्परागत सस्कृति हो । जस्तै, आफुभन्दा सानालाइ माया गर्ने, आफुभन्दा ठुलालाइ आदर गर्ने, बृद्धहरूलाइ शीर झुकाएर नमस्कार गर्ने, उनिहरूबाट आशिर्वाद लिने, दुःखी, गरिब, अपांग, असहाय, बृद्धाहरूलाइ सहयोग गर्ने, पाहुनाहरूलाइ "अतिथि देवो भवः" मन्त्र पालना गर्दै सत्कार गर्ने, यस्ता हाम्रा सभ्य सस्कृति आजभोली बिस्तारै बिस्तारै मेटिदै मेटिदै जाने शिलशिला बढीरहेको छ । हाम्रो संस्कृति र सभ्यताका आचार र अनुष्ठानहरूले सारा नेपालीहरूलाइ भावनात्मकता, भाइचारा, कृतज्ञता, सद्भाव र एकताको सुत्रमा बाध्दै आएको थियो । तर, पछिल्लो केहि दशकदेखि पश्चिमा रूखो /असभ्य सस्कृति (कुसस्कृति) को चरम प्रभावका कारण आजका युवा पीढी आफ्नै सुन्दर सभ्य सस्कृतिबाट बेखर र दुर सुदुर हुँदै गइरहेका छन । भलै समय निरन्तर सही दीशामा चलिरहेको भएतापनि आजका जेनेरेसन फगत गलत दीशामा चलिरहेका छन, जो हानिकारक छ, यसलाइ रोक्न हामी सबै सरोकारवालाहरूले विशेष चासो दिनुपर्ने बेला ढिला भैसक्दै छ ।

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A Text Analysis of John Degnbol-Martinussen

In this essay, I am trying to analyze the article "Perspectives and Prospects for Development Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century" by John Degnbol-Martinussen based on my raw mind. In "Perspectives and Prospects for Development Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century", John Degnbol-Martinussen conducts a comprehensive study and analysis of international development cooperation, aid, and their challenges, problems, and possibilities in the current era. The article critically evaluates the history of development cooperation and aid, taking into account present realities, and presents new perspectives for the future.

The author highlights the ongoing need for aid and cooperation in developing countries, emphasizing that it is the responsibility of developed nations to assist these countries in their development journey. The article recognizes the mixed reception of aid agencies, including bilateral, multilateral, and NGOs, and the praise and criticism they receive.

While international aid has brought development to some countries, there are concerns that it has not achieved its full potential. However, the author argues that the future of developing countries still depends greatly on international aid and cooperation. To maximize this potential, new approaches must be adopted, learning from past mistakes and shortcomings.

The author suggests applying the Q3-Action formula, which emphasizes quantity, quality, and a quest for development. This formula urges donors to focus on improving their programs rather than cutting budgets and emphasizes that commitments must be realized through action.

A new form of financing and cooperation is advocated, incorporating performance-based, priority-based, and targeted financing, along with policy development, technical assistance, and monitoring. The article emphasizes the importance of political responsibility, national ownership, decision-making, activity implementation, and outcome evaluation for sustainable development.

The article also addresses the relationship between aid and governance, highlighting the need for a balanced mixture of politics and management. It emphasizes the inclusion of policy, dialogue, partnership, capacity building, aid management, institutional ownership, project cycle management, and technical assistance.

The author proposes aid models that align with social, cultural, economic, political, environmental, and geographical contexts. These models include aid through an international development fund, international payment for services, compensation for harmful international behavior, financing through earmarked taxes, and aid to promote private capital transfer.

The article presents four special aid models: relief welfare and conflict containment, support for globalization, liberalization and standardization, support for international public goods, and support for poverty reduction and democratic society building. It also emphasizes the interconnectedness of various internal elements, such as donor motivation, aid goals, choices of development cooperation, financial forms of aid, and aid strategies.

In conclusion, I am wholeheartedly agrees with the author's perspective and vision presented in the article. Recognizing the significance of international cooperation and aid, I believe that these efforts can effectively address crucial issues plaguing developing countries, including poverty, conflicts, corruption, and gender inequality. By embracing the Q3-Action formula proposed by the author, which emphasizes development encompassing democracy and enriching various aspects of society, such as education, welfare, and employment, there is still hope for positive transformation. I am optimistic that by implementing these new models, development cooperation can foster the growth and prosperity of developing nations, ultimately leading to stronger democracies and improved standards of living. 

Reference:
Martinussen, J.D. (2003) Aid: understanding international development coperation. Zed Books. London. 

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The Future of Aid Cooperation: Embracing New Approaches for Effective Development

The effectiveness and future prospects of aid cooperation have been subject to extensive debate. Critics argue that foreign aid has not yielded the desired outcomes and, in some cases, may have caused more harm than development. However, constructive critics such as Martinsen, critically evaluates the past of aid cooperation and argues that the potential of foreign aid is immense for the future. He suggest the adoption of new approaches and learning from past mistakes to make aid more effective. By employing innovative financing models, prioritizing targeted interventions, and fostering effective cooperation, aid cooperation can pave the way for sustainable development and positive impact.

Learning from the Past by Correcting Mistakes and Embracing New Approaches: To ensure a promising future for aid cooperation, it is crucial to critically evaluate past practices in light of current realities. Martinsen urges a thorough examination of past shortcomings to inform the development of new perspectives and approaches. Acknowledging that aid may not have delivered as expected, he emphasizes the need for corrective measures and the adoption of new forms of financing.

New Approaches for Effective Results: Martinsen emphasizes that aid cooperation must embrace new approaches to maximize its potential. These approaches include performance-based, priority-focused, and targeted financing. By linking aid disbursements to measurable outcomes, focusing on priority areas, and targeting interventions to address specific development challenges, aid can become more effective and impactful.

Components of Effective Aid Cooperation: Achieving successful aid cooperation requires a range of key components. These include policy development, technical assistance, monitoring and evaluation frameworks, fostering national ownership and political responsibility, setting development priorities, building capacity, engaging in dialogue and partnership, effective aid management, and implementing activities with a strong emphasis on sustainability and outcomes evaluation. By combining elements of both politics and management, aid cooperation can navigate complex challenges and achieve sustainable development outcomes.

Factors Influencing Success: The success of aid cooperation is influenced by various factors. Donor motivation plays a crucial role, as genuine commitment and a focus on long-term impact are essential. Clear and realistic aid goals must be established, aligned with the recipient country's development objectives. The choices made in terms of development cooperation models and strategies also contribute to success. Moreover, the form of aid financing, whether through grants, loans, or innovative mechanisms, impacts the effectiveness and sustainability of aid projects.

Special Models of Aid for the Future: To enhance aid cooperation's practicality and impact, Martinsen suggests considering four special models: (1) Aid for relief, welfare, and conflict containment; (2) Aid in support of globalization, liberalization, and standardization; (3) Aid in support of international public goods; and (4) Aid in support of poverty reduction and democratic society building. Evaluating the suitability and relevance of these models to specific contexts can inform future aid strategies and optimize outcomes.

Conclusion: The future of aid cooperation holds immense potential for fostering sustainable development and positive change. By learning from past mistakes and embracing new approaches, aid cooperation can become more effective, targeted, and results-oriented. The components of effective aid cooperation, combined with donor motivation, clear goals, appropriate financing models, and consideration of special aid models, will shape the future landscape of development assistance. By prioritizing accountability, flexibility, and impactful-ness, aid cooperation can contribute significantly to the achievement of sustainable development goals and the betterment of societies worldwide.

References: 
Martinussen, J.D. (2003) Aid: understanding international development cooperation. Zed Books. London. 

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A Profound Loss: Honoring Pradip Giri's Wisdom and Influence

The news of Pradip Giri's passing has left me with an overwhelming sense of loss. He was not just a political idol to me, but a guiding light whose wisdom and insights shaped my understanding of society and the world. His multifaceted persona as a thinker, intellectual, philosopher, and political think tank of Nepal made him a true beacon of knowledge.

What set Pradip Giri apart was his unique approach to explaining complex ideas. He had a remarkable ability to weave together stories, Urdu Shayari, and poems that added depth and meaning to any event, concept, or notion he discussed. His narratives had an uncanny way of connecting the dots, revealing the profound layers behind seemingly ordinary occurrences.

One of the reasons I held Pradip Giri in such high regard was his unassuming nature. In a world often driven by materialism and ego, he remained refreshingly simple and grounded. Much like a Sadhu/Sant, he focused on the essence of ideas and the well-being of people, rather than pursuing fleeting gains. His humility and relatability were truly inspiring.

Among the many reasons, for me, the main reason to admire him the most is the issues he raised throughout his political career. He used to assert, "Nepal is a village and agriculture-based country; it possesses its own unique beauty. Unfortunately, over the past 50 years, we political leaders have been solely focused on replacing (or upgrading) our picturesque villages with crowded cities, all while adhering to Western development ideals. Consequently, we find ourselves dismantling our culture, agriculture, environment, and the very fabric of our villages in the name of progress. This approach is neither beneficial nor advisable; instead, we must adopt a new and alternative developmental path. Our objective should not be to replace villages with cities, but rather to transform congested cities into idyllic villages, complete with environmentally friendly infrastructure. Our commitment should be to empower and enrich our villages by providing eco-friendly amenities. Above all, we must refrain from erasing our villages and time-honored traditions, for they constitute our genuine identity.

As I come to terms with the void left by his departure, I find myself grappling with the reality that there may never be another political figure quite like him. Pradip Giri was not just an ideal; he was a mentor, a source of profound knowledge, and a reminder of the importance of staying true to one's values. While his physical presence may be gone, his teachings and insights will continue to shape my perspective, reminding me to seek depth and connection in all aspects of life.

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